Research progress of opaque bubble layer created in corneal stroma during femtosecond laser surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)and small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)are the mainstream corneal refractive surgeries at present. Despite efficacy, safety and predictability they have showed in refractive error correction, there are still complications relating to femtosecond laser, such as suction loss and opaque bubble layer(OBL), due to that the production of corneal flap or lenticule is dependent on the femtosecond laser. OBL is a complication that is unique to femtosecond laser surgery and the bubbles are generated from photo-disruptive effect towards corneal tissues which consisted of water vapor and carbon dioxide, and OBL gradually formed when the bubbles are trapped in the stroma. The bubbles can influence the intraoperative manipulation and postoperative visual quality. This review discusses the mechanism, grading, classification, and influencing factors of OBL and its effects on intraoperative manipulations and postoperative recovery, in the hope of providing reference and basis for further clinical studies.

Effect of γδ T cells on the Proliferation, Apoptosis and Autophagy of Multiple Myeloma Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

AbstractObjective: To investigate the effect of γδ T cells on the proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of multiple myeloma cells.@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were isolated from healthy volunteers, and stimulated with zoledronic acid (Zol) in combination with rhIL-2. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detected the purity of γδ T cells. γδ T cells were collected and co-cultured with RPMI-8226 or U-266 cells at different effector target ratios. The proliferation of RPMI-8226 or U-266 cell lines were detected by CCK-8. Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry and Western blot．The expressions of autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#γδ T cells can be expanded in vitro. γδ T cells could inhibit the proliferation of RPMI-8226 or U-266 cells, induced cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in an effector target-dependent manner. In addition, γδ T cells could induce autophagy of myeloma cells, inhibited the expression of autophagy-related PI3K, P-AKT and P-mTOR, while increased the expression of AMPK and Beclin-1.@*CONCLUSION@#γδ T cells can inhibit the proliferation of RPMI-8226 and U-266 myeloma cells, induce cell cycle arrest, promote apoptosis, and enhance autophagy in vitro. The mechanism may be related to inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and/or activation of AMPK/Beclin-1 signaling pathway.

Evaluation of the China Healthcare Improvement Initiative(2018-2020) in tertiary public hospitals in China: results of institutional survey / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the implementation of the China Healthcare Improvement Initiative(CHII)from 2018 to 2020 in 143 tertiary public hospitals in China.Methods:In March 2019 and from January to March in 2021, 143 tertiary public hospitals in 31 provinces of China were investigated using the unified " medical institution questionnaire Ⅰ" and " medical institution Questionnaire Ⅱ" . The data were collected by means of hospital self-report and expert on-site scoring. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were used to analyze the data, and the data of two cross-sectional surveys were compared and analyzed.Results:The average score rate of implementing CHII in 143 sample hospitals in 2020 was 88.9%, which was higher than that in 2018(84.4%). The appointment diagnosis and treatment system, clinical pathway management system, day service, smart hospital and humanistic service were significantly improved. In 2020, the average score rate of logistics service, high quality nursing service and clinical pathway management system was higher than 95%, while the average score rate of day service, telemedicine system and medical social work system was lower than 85%. The total score rate of general hospitals was significantly higher than that of specialized hospitals( P<0.001). In 2020, the proportion of hospitals with full marks in 29 secondary indicators(74.4%)was more than 80%, reaching the standard level. Conclusions:The implementation level of CHII in tertiary public hospitals in China has been improved continuously and made significant progress, but some dimensions and indicators need to be further improved.

Effect of Conbercept injection and macular grid pattern photocoagulation in treating macular edema after non-ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM:To investigate the effects and safety of intravitreal injection of Conbercept combined with macular grid pattern photocoagulation for macular edema secondary to non-ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).· METHODS:A total of 38 patients (38 eyes) with macular edema following non-ischemic BRVO were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were given best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure,slit lamp with preset lens,optic coherent tomography(OCT) and fluorescence fundus angiography (FFA) examination.The BCVA and central macular thickness (CMT) were observed before and 1wk,1,2,3,6,9 and 12mo after treatment.The change in pre-treatment and post-treatment were compared,and the related complications were recorded.· RESULTS:BCVA before treatment and 1wk,1,2,3,6,9 and 12mo after treatment were 0.89±0.62,0.64±0.59,0.55±0.62,0.46±0.43,0.53±0.67,0.43±0.38,0.42±0.29,0.40 ± 0.30,the difference was statistically significant between that before and after treatment (P＜0.001),while the BCVA after treatment showed no significant difference with each other (P＞ 0.05).CMT were 683.25 ± 236.47,298.65±116.12,276.89±107.28,281.55±99.62,251.41 ± 119.47,240.58±88.62,231.74±75.36,209.51±84.68pm,the difference was statistically significant between that before and after treatment (P＜ 0.001),while the those after treatment showed no significant difference with each other (P＞ 0.05).There were 11 eyes received one injection,18 eyes with two injections,2 eyes with 3,3 eyes with 4,and 4 eyes more than 4,the average injection was 2.01±1.42.The CMT decreased after every injection.The intraocular hypertension and other complications were not seen after treatment.· CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with macular grid pattern photocoagulation for macular edema to non-ischemic BRVO can reduce the macular edema and improve BCVA,which is effective and safety.

Circulating miRNAs in the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer:A Meta-Analysis / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To assess circulating miRNAs’diagnosis value of breast cancer.Methods Conducted PubMed,Embase, the Cochrane Library,CNKI,cqvip,and wangfang database search in any language before June 2014.A total of 12 publica-tions were included in the meta-analysis.Then,the meta-analysis was performed using Meta-Disc 1.4.Meanwhile,the diag-nostic sensitivity,specitivity,positive likelyhood ratio,negative likelyhood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio were pooled by ran-dom-effects models.And the overall diagnostic performance was estimated by summary receiver operating characteristic curves (sROC)approaches.Stata12.0 was used to evaluated the publication bias.Results The pooled sensitivity was 80%(95%CI 0.77~0.82),specificity was 78% (95%CI 0.75~0.81);positive likelihood ratio was 4.09 (95%CI 2.80~5.99), negative likelihood ratio was 0.22 (95%CI 0.15~0.31),diagnostic odds rations was 20.64 (95%CI 10.24~41.62).The AUC for circulating miRNAs was 0.89 with Q value of 0.82.Publication bias was observed in existing literatures.Conclu-sion Circulating miRNAs is a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Design and usage of aphasia computer training software modeling / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The aid treatment of aphasia is mainly achieved through computer training system, and the applied software of the market at present is mainly Chinese aphasia training system software. The software for a native Uighur aphasia patient does not apply and no research of Uygur language aphasia training software has been reported. OBJECTIVE:To design a clinic oriented training software for Uighur aphasia, based on training specifications of rehabilitative therapist in the treatment of Uighur aphasia patients. METHODS:The experiment was conducted from January 2013 to December 2013 in South and North areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, deeply researching the common and familiar life material of the Uyghur’s and combining the life custom of the Uyghur’s, to screen the relevant materials of the speech rehabilitation training, preliminary build up the living language material database of the Uyghur’s. Basing on this database, we designed the computer-assisted application software which has the Uygur and Chinese double interface. The software is designed by the software research and development personnel in accordance with the requirements of the members of our group, with Uygur and Chinese double interface speech rehabilitation training software. 30 Uygur aphasiac patients after stroke in Xinjiang were screened for clinical trials and evaluation, the software after many corrections, detailed recorded the valuable dates and the problems existing in the experimental stage. And we constantly communicate with the software designers so as to repeatedly revise the wrong in the process of training, and eventualy developing a set of basic mature Uygur language aphasia and training software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A set of basic mature Uygur aphasia training software was designed. With the research and development of the Uighur aphasia training software, speech therapists of Xinjiang get a fuly functional, easy operation, flexible extension training tool, which help to reduce the workload of speech therapists and improve the clinical efficiency.

Detection of double mutant X antigen/antibody in sera of patients with hepatitis B virus infection and its implication / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To explore the correlation between serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) X antigen/antibody (HBxAg-wild/HBxAb-wild,and HBxAg-mutant/HBxAb-mutant) and the disease progression in patients with chronic HBV infection.Methods A direct enzyme immunosorbent asssay (ELISA) was performed to detect HBxAb using recombinant antigen,and a double antibody sandwich ELISA assay to detect HBxAg using monoclonal antibody and specific rabbit polyclonal antibody.HBxAg-wild/HBxAb-wild and HBxAg-mutant/HBxAb-mutant were tested in sera from cases at different stages of chronic HBV infection.A chi-square test was employed to examine statistical significance.Results The positive rates of HBxAg-wild and HBxAg-mutant in the chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers,chronic hepatitis,hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and liver cancer were 6.2％ (2/32),10.7％ (3/28),28.6％ (6/21),43.6％ (17/39) and 3.1％ (1/32),10.7％ (3/28),33.3％ (7/21),48.7％ (19/39),respectively.The positive rates of HBxAb-wild and HBxAb-mutant in the above mentioned groups were 6.2％ (2/32),21.4％ (6/28),38.1％ (8/21),53.8％ (21/39)and 6.2％ (2/32),25.0％ (7/28),42.9％ (9/21),61.5％ (24/39) respectively.The positive rates of HBxAg-wild and HBxAg-mutant were not significantly different among the above groups (x2 =0.871,0.780,0.565 and 0.317,respectively; all P＞0.05) ; The positive rates of HBxAb-wild and HBxAb-mutant were also similar among all the groups (x2 =0.780,0.709,0.580 and 0.210,respectively; all P＞0.05).The positive rates of HBxAg-wild,HBxAb-wild,HBxAg-mutant,HBxAb-mutant in patients with low viral loads (HBV DNA＜1 × 104 copy/mL) were 36.5％ (23/63),44.4％ (28/63),42.9％ (27/63) and 54.0％ (34/63),respectively,those in patients with high viral loads (HBVDNA≥1×104 copy/mL) were 8.8％ (5/57),15.8％ (9/57),5.3％ (3/57) and 14.0％ (8/57),respectively.The positive rates of HBxAg and HBxAb were significantly higher in cases with low viral loads than those with high viral loads (x2 =12.869,11.522,22.556 and 20.976,respectively; all P＜0.05).The positive rates of HBxAg-wild,HBxAb-wild,HBxAg-mutant,HBxAb-mutant in the HBeAg positive group were 21.7％ (18/83),30.1％ (25/83),22.9％ (19/83) and 32.5％ (27/83),respectively,while those in the HBeAg negative group were 27.0％ (10/37),32.4％ (12/37),29.7％ (11/37) and 40.5％ (15/37),respectively.No significant difference of HBxAg/HBxAb positive rates between HBeAg positive group and HBeAg negative group was noticed (x2 =0.408,0.064,0.638 and 0.722,respectively; all P＞0.05).Conclusions The antigenicity and specificity of HBV X protein remains similar after the occurrence of A1762T/G1764A double mutant in X gene.It is also found that the positive rates of HBxAg and HBxAb increase with disease progression.HBxAg/HBxAb might be promoting factors for tumorigenesis in chronic HBV infection.HBxAg and HBxAb might have negative influence on HBV replication.

Effects of carbon disulfide exposure during peri-implantation on estrogen receptor-α expression in uterus and serum level of estrogen in pregnant mice / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of carbon disulfide (CS(2)) exposure during peri-implantation on the estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) expression in the uterus and serum level of estradiol (E(2)) in pregnant mice, and to explore the mechanism of embryotoxicity of CS(2).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Healthy female mice were exposed to a single dose of CS(2) (631.4 mg/kg) or olive oil (solvent control) on gestational day (GD)3, GD4, GD5, or GD6. At different time points after exposure, the serum E(2) levels of the pregnant mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression levels of ER-α in the uterus were measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the GD3, GD4, GD5, and GD6 exposure groups showed significantly decreased serum E(2) levels on day 7 of gestation (P < 0.05); the GD3 and GD5 exposure groups showed significantly decreased serum E(2) levels on day 6 of gestation (P < 0.05). The expression level of ER-α in the GD 4 exposure group was 23.6% lower than that in the control group on day 5 of gestation, and the expression level of ER-α in the GD 5 exposure group was 72.9% lower than that in the control group on day 6 of gestation (P < 0.05); the GD 3 and GD 6 exposure groups showed lower expression levels of ER-α than the control group at any time point, but no significant difference was found (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CS(2) exposure during peri-implantation can reduce the ER-α expression in the uterus and the serum level of E(2) in pregnant mice, which may be one of the mechanisms of embryotoxicity of CS(2).</p>

Effects of miR-590-5p on ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells apoptosis and LOX-1 expression / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of miR-590-5p on the expression of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) in apoptotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by ox-LDL, and to explore the role of miR-590-5p in modulating HUVECs apoptosis.@*METHODS@#HUVECs were exposed to ox-LDL (50 μg/mL) for 0 to 48 h. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC stain and was distinguished from necrosis by propidium iodide (PI) staining. The relative expression level of miR-590-5p in HUVECs was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). HUVECs were transfected with miR-590-5p mimics or miRNA mimics control followed by 50 μg/mL ox-LDL stimulation for 48 h. LOX-1 mRNA and protein were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot, and apoptosis in HUVECs was analyzed by flow ctyometry after Annexin V-FITC/PI double stain.@*RESULTS@#Incubation of HUVECs with 50 μg/mL ox-LDL for 0 to 48 h resulted in a time-dependent induction of apoptotic cell death and down-regulation of miR-590-5p. Transfection of miR-590-5p mimics suppressed LOX-1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, leading to a reduction of ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in HUVECs.@*CONCLUSION@#MiR-590-5p protects endothelial cells from ox-LDL induced apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of LOX-1.

The intervention effect of Rosiglitozone in ovarian fibrosis of PCOS rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the Intervention effect of Rosiglitozone in ovarian fibrosis of PCOS rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>60 female SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, model group and treatment group. The model and treatment groups were established by subcutaneous injection of DHEA, while the treatment group was given RGZ. The serum hormone values, pathohistology of ovarian structure of rats, ovarian ultrastructure and the expressions of TGF-β(1) and CTGF were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PCOS model was established successfully. The expression intensity of TGF-β(1) and CTGF in Oocytes of the PCOS groups was 9.545±2.954 and 9.665±2.400, respectively and was significantly higher than that of the control group 6.636±2.264 and 7.036±2.133; after treatment with rosiglitazone, the expression was significantly decreased 6.980±2.421 and 6.642±2.721 as compared with that of the model group (P<0.05, P<0.001). The values in serum of the PCOS groups were 3.749±2.054 and 0.265±0.129, and 1.914±1.801 and 0.096±0.088 in the control group which had statistically significant difference (P<0.05, P<0.001). After treatment with rosiglitazone, the values were 2.3100±1.825 and 0.112±0.187 and were significantly different with those of the model group (P<0.05, P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGF-β(1) and CTGF play an important role in the development of ovary fibrosis in PCOS. However, RGZ may postpone the development of fibrosis by decreasing the levels of TGF-β(1) and CTGF.</p>

Effects of age on ocular anterior segment dimensions measured by optical coherence tomography / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Older subjects tend to have smaller ocular anterior segment. The present study aimed to measure anterior segment dimensions with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and quantitatively assess the effect of age and other factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Anterior segment OCT images were obtained in normal subjects residing in the greater Los Angeles area. Four line scans were acquired at the 90°, 45°, 0° and 135° meridians of each eye. Computer calipers acquired anterior segment dimensions of corneal diameter, anterior chamber width, corneal vault and anterior chamber depth on OCT images. Measurements from 4 meridians were averaged. Axial length and corneal power were measured by partial coherence interferometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess correlations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty-six eyes of 33 normal subjects (aged 22 - 65 years, 19 Asians, 14 Caucasians) were enrolled. For every 1 year of age, corneal diameter was 0.033 mm narrower (P < 0.01), anterior chamber width was 0.031 mm narrower (P < 0.01), corneal vault was 0.016 mm lower (P < 0.01), and anterior chamber depth was 0.025 mm lower (P < 0.01). Asian eyes had smaller corneal diameter (P = 0.035) and anterior chamber width (P = 0.015) compared with those of Caucasian eyes. Body height showed positive correlation with corneal diameter (0.039 mm per centimeter of height, P < 0.01) and corneal vault (0.024 mm per centimetre of height, P < 0.01). Gender did not have an independent effect on anterior segment dimensions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Anterior segment dimensions were smaller in older subjects. Age-related changes may affect the tolerability of long-term implants such as phakic intraocular lens.</p>

Mechanism of apoptosis of NB4 cells induced by arsenic trioxide and cyclooxygenase-2 expression / 中国实验血液学杂志

Objective of this study was to investigate the changes of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and mitochondrial membrane potential in apoptotic NB4 cells induced by arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)). The morphological changes in apoptosis process of NB4 cells treated by arsenic trioxide were observed under immunofluorescence microscope and DNA electrophoresis method, and the apoptosis rate of NB4 cells and the variations of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the variations of expression level of cyclooxygenase-2 protein were analyzed by using Western blot method. The results indicated that after NB4 cells were treated with 2 µmol/L As(2)O(3) for 48 hours, some variations of NB4 cells were observed, such as pyknosis, chromatin segmentation, even fragmentation. Meanwhile, the typical DNA Ladder phenomenon was observed. The apoptosis rate of NB4 cells treated with 3 µmol/L As(2)O(3) for 48 hours was 33.34%, Furthermore the apoptosis rate of NB4 cells was enhanced along with the increase of concentration of As(2)O(3). After NB4 cells were treated with 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 µmol/L As(2)O(3) for 48 hours, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased by 12.8%, 21.6%, 66.9%, 83.7% and 83.8% respectively. The Western blot detection results showed that the expression level of cyclooxygenase-2 protein in NB4 cells was lower than that in control cells and decreased along with the rise of As(2)O(3) concentration, then the negative dose-dependent manner was observed between these 2 groups. It is concluded that As(2)O(3) can effectively induce NB4 cell apoptosis, and the dose-dependent manner existed in certain extent of concentrations. The decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential may be related with NB4 cell apoptosis induced by As(2)O(3). Cyclooxygenase-2 participates in the process of NB4 cell apoptosis induced by As(2)O(3).

The cloning, expression, purification and immunological identification of wild-type and mutant hepatitis B virus X gene in pGEX-6P-2 system / 病毒学报

To settle the foundation for the future research on the influence of wild and mutant (A1762T/ G1764A) HBV X gene on the progress of chronic HBV infection and hepatic tumorigenicity, wild and mutant (A1762T/G1764A) HBxAgs expression system was constructed. The wild and mutant (A1762T/ G1764A) HBV X genes were amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from HBV genome were inserted into pGEX-6P-2 and confirmed by sequencing respectively. Prokaryotic expression vectors pGEX-6P-2-hbvx(w) and pGEX-6P-2-hbvx(m) (A1762T/G1764A) were constructed and transformed to Trans1-blue; wild and mutant HBxAgs were expressed through IPTG induction respectively; after refolding of inclusion body, the wild and mutant HBxAgs were purified with GSTrap FF; and analysised by SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ELISA. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the expression system was able to express target protein efficiently; the concentrations of purified wild HBxAg and mutant HBxAg were 4.88 mg/mL and 5.07 mg/mL respectively; Western blot analysis certified both the wild HBxAg and the mutant HBxAg could be recognized by the same monoclonal antibody against HBxAg; the two expressed fusion antigens coated in microtiter plate were able to react with the sera of HBV infected patients but not with the sera from healthy donors in ELISA. Results demonstrated that we successfully established a system for expression of hepatitis B x antigen and lay the foundation for further research on the role and molecular mechanisms of the mutant HBxAg in the progress of chronic HBV infection and hepatic tumorigenicity.

Influence of knock-down of miR-21 expression on the radiosensitivity of glioma SHG-44 cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influence of knock-down of miR-21 expression on the radiosensitivity of radioresistant glioma SHG-44 cells and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Radioresistant cell line SHG-44(R) cells were established from radiosensitive parental SHG-44 glioma cells. Then the expression levels of miR-21 in SHG-44(R) and SHG-44 were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The effect of miR-21 on the radiosensitivity was assessed in SHG-44(R) with miR-21 inhibitor to decrease the miR-21 expression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>miR-21 was up-regulated 1.49-fold in SHG-44(R) cells relative to the SHG-44 cells. But after transfection with As-miR-21, the miR-21 expression in SHG-44(R) cells was knocked down significantly. As-miR-21 combined with radiation could synergistically enhanced mitotic death and apoptosis of SHG-44(R) cells, with SER of D(0) and D(q) being equal to 1.48 and 1.54, respectively. Expression levels of caspase-3 in the radiation group, AS-miR-21 transfection group and combination group were 2.24 ± 0.14, 2.05 ± 0.19 and 5.72 ± 0.45, respectively, and its expression in the combination group was higher than that in the other two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>miR-21 may be involved in the formation of radioresistance of glioma cells and as a potential target for enhancing the response of radioresistant-glioma cells to radiotheapy.</p>

Analysis of failure reasons for postoperative patients of spinal tuberculosis complicated with paraplegia of 32 cases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the failure reasons of operation for spinal tuberculosis complicated with paraplegia and methods of the second operation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Spinal tuberculosis paraplegic patients (18 males, 14 females) were reviewed retrospectively. They have been treated with failing decompressive surgery from January 2001 to December 2006. Seventeen patients received anterior debridement surgery via transpleural approach while the other 15 patients received posterolateral decompression surgery via costotransverse approach. Twenty-two patients got chemotherapy after the surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-three patients were treated by anterior debridement, decompression and graft placement via transpleural approach (9 received the single-stage posterior instrumentation). Five patients received posterolateral debridement and decompression via extrapleural approach. Two patients, recur focus be eliminated. Two patients were given sinus debridement surgery alone. All patients were given anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. The paraplegia was recovered completely in 26 patients, and partly in 5 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Inadequate treatment results in defeated operative. The proper selection of operative modalities and timing on the basis of systematically anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy remains the best mode of therapy for spinal tuberculosis complicated with paraplegia. And it is also essential to choose a radical debridement surgery to decompress the spinal cord and to reconstruct the stability of spine.</p>

Expression of c-fos and NR2A in auditory cortex of rats experienced tinnitus / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the plasticity and the role of plasticity in the auditory cortex of rats which experienced tinnitus by screening the plasticity markers immediately early gene c-fos and the NMDA receptor's subtype NR2A.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty white Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 3 groups: sodium salicylate group (n = 12), physiological saline group (n = 12) and normal control group (n = 6). Tinnitus were induced by salicylate administration and tested by behavioral conditioning studies, and then immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of c-fos and NR2A in the auditory cortex of each group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Behavioral evidence indicated that all of the twelve rats in the sodium salicylate group perceived tinnitus. Fos-positive neurons were observed in all rats, while they appeared as typical dark dots, corresponding to a labeling restricted to their nucleus. NR2A protein was mainly expressed in the cytoplast and membrane of the cortical pyramidal cells. The expression of c-fos and NR2A immunoreactive neurons in auditory cortexes of the sodium salicylate group was significantly higher than that of other two control groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The higher expression of c-fos and NR2A indicate that the neurotransmitters and receptors should be involved in the tinnitus, as well as suggest that neuronal plasticity occurs in the auditory cortex of rats experienced tinnitus, which may be played an important role in the mechanism of tinnitus.</p>

Study on effect of Tiaomaiyin injection on experimental arrhythmia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Tiaomaiyin injection on the experimental arrhythmia for analyzing its underlying mechanism in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Experimental animals anesthetized with 20% urethane (6 mL x kg(-1)) were evenly randomized into control group, positive control group, low-dose and high-dose Tiaomaiyin group. The rate of ventricular fibrillation (VF) chloroform-induced in mice, and the epoch of ventricular extrasystole (VE), ventricular tachycardia (VT),VF and cardiac arrest (CA), actonitine-induced in rats (1.0 microg x mL(-1) x min(-1)), and vabain-induced in guinea pigs (10 microg x mL(-1) x min(-1)), were detected respectively. The result loas converted into cumulative dosage of actonitine or vabain. In ischemia-reperfusion model in rats, the duration of arrhythmia and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After venous injection of Tiaomaiyin, VF in mice was lower significantly (P < 0.01), VE, VT, VF in rats and VF in guinea pigs were lowered considerably (P <0.05). The duration of arrhythmia in ischemia-reperfusion model was reduced considerably (P < 0.05), and the activity of myocardial SOD was raised significantly (P <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tiaomaiyin shows the reduction of experimental arrhythmia and protect effect to ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart, which indicates that the effect mechanism may have the relationship with inhabition of lipid peroxidation and damnification of the free radical.</p>

Gene related to generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus / 医学研究生学报

Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus is a novel and common generalized epilepsy syndromes, with significant genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Research on genetic position and mutant of generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus has been a hot spot, which has importance in clarifying epilepsy syndrome as a kind of channelopathy.

Antimicrobial Peptides: Antibacterial Mechanism and Therapeutic Use / 微生物学通报

Antimicrobial peptides, a cluster of small peptides secreted by the majority of creatures, have been demonstrated with activity against a wide range of microorganisms including bacteria, protozoa, yeast, fungi, viruses and even tumor cells. These peptides have some features such as broad spectrum , high effi-cacy and stability, little drug resistance. A lack of new antibiotics combined with emerging multi-drug resis-tance issues demands that new antimicrobial strategies be explored for treating these infections. It has been proposed that the antimicrobial peptides might form the foundation for a new class of clinically useful an-timicrobials. We review the advantages of these molecules in construction features and bioactivity, with the focus on the mechanism and clinical applications.